A couple weeks ago, we were proud to induct our 2025 Hall of Fame Class and Broadcaster of the Year at the iconic Rainbow Room in New York City. We have been posting pictures from the ceremony on our social media channels, and you can view more photos below! Thank you to everyone who attended and helped to make it such a special afternoon. Visit our Hall of Fame website here . Class of 2025: Kaity Tong – Journalist, Anchor  – WPIX-TV, New York City Norm Silverstein  – President, CEO  - WXXI Public Media, Rochester (retired) Bill Evans  – Owner, Program Director & Meteorologist - WLNG 92.1 FM, Sag Harbor Gary Sapiane  – General Manager, Morning Show Host  - WLNG 92.1 FM, Sag Harbor Matt Mulcahy  - Journalist, Anchor & Managing Editor  - NBC 3 News,  Syracuse Bob Kovachick  - Meteorologist - WNYT -TV, Albany (retired) Broadcaster of the Year: John Catsimatidis  - CEO of Red Apple Media

At its recent meeting in New York City, NYSBA elected a new slate of officers and directors for 2026.  The following officers were elected: Chairman: Chris Musial , V.P. & General Manager, WBBZ , Buffalo                        Vice Chair-Radio:   Chris Oliviero , Chief Business Officer, Audacy Inc , NYC Vice Chair-TV: Chris McDonnell , VP and GM Nexstar, WPIX-TV , NYC                       Treasurer: Kristin Cantrell , Owner and Operator, Seven Mountains Media                                            & Seven Mountains Creative , NY Southern Tier Secretary:   LeAnne Markins , General Manager, 7WKBW-TV , Buffalo   In addition, the following individuals will be serving as members of the Board of Directors for 2026:   Alan Bishop , Owner, Finger Lakes Radio Group and Chadwick Bay Broadcasting Corporation Amy Collins , SVP Group Manager, Sinclair Broadcast Group , (Albany, Buffalo, Syracuse) David Feinblatt , GM, WLIG LPTV , Long Island Jason Finkelberg , President and Chief Revenue Officer, Town Square Media Hudson Valley , NY Marilu Galvez , President and General Manager, WABC-TV , NYC  Johnny Green Jr ., President and Regional General Manager, CBS New York and CBS Boston Jon Hitchcock , Vice President and General Manager, WNYT & WNYA Television, Albany       Marc Jaromin , President, Roundtable Media, LLC ,  Buffalo Lew Leone , SVP & General Manager, WNYW/WWOR-TV , NYC Eric Lerner , President and General Manager, WNBC-TV , NYC Ed Levine , Owner & CEO, Galaxy Media , Syracuse Chad Lopez , President, Red Apple Media / WABC Radio , NYC Maire Mason , Vice President / General Manager, SBS , NYC Robert Morgan , President, iHeartMedia Upstate New York (Rochester/Syracuse/Binghamton/Albany) Chet Osadchey , President - Cayuga Radio Group (Saga Communications) , Ithaca Theresa Underwood , Senior Vice President & Regional Manager, Nexstar Broadcasting Group, Inc. , Syracuse Bernie Weiss , Chief Operating Officer, iHeartMedia Markets Group , NYC Roberto Yanez , Senior Multimedia Executive, President & Regional GM, Northeast and Mid-Atlantic, Televisa/Univision , NYC   We want to thank all the members of the Board of Directors for their continued support of NYSBA and its programs.

The recent NAB Show in New York featured an important panel on a new approach to TV news.  Station's newsrooms create significant amounts of content that never makes it on the air.  Nonetheless, this is valuable content that should be used on other platforms that are run by the station.  A recent article in TV Newscheck focuses on the ability of stations to use this approach and provide hyper local news: “We’re all leaning into the all-platform approach,” said Bob Ellis, VP and GM of WDIV, Graham Media Group’s Detroit NBC affiliate.  “There’s a tremendous amount of information and content that never makes your linear broadcast.  If you’re going to go out and do that work every day, let’s find ways to utilize it on our other platforms.  We’re working very hard to do that and I think what you find is that there’s an appetite for it.” The article focused on stations taking a “story centric approach as opposed to a platform approach. “It’s taking a story-centric approach versus a platform approach,” Ellis said.  “We’re actually looking at increasing our reporting staffs so that stories are being covered and developed across all of our platforms.  Rather than send someone to do a linear story for our linear newscasts or to even write an article for the website, we’re really trying to look at things from a story perspective.  What that’s led to is people becoming much more ingrained in the communities where they are covering these stories.  We’ve discovered a deepening relationship with our communities, which has led to more and better stories.”  This is an important discussion that will result in more efficient newsrooms.  The article is worth reading. You can cee the article summarizing the panel in TV Newscheck   here .

At its recent show in New York, the NAB released an important study regarding consumer attitudes regarding AI and the future of local journalism. According to the NAB: “During a high-profile session at NAB Show New York today, new survey data was shared revealing significant public concern over artificial intelligence (AI) and its potential to erode trust in journalism. “The Future of News: AI, New Revenues and Risks, and the Policy Response” panel discussed the survey and AI’s growing influence in the media ecosystem, including threats to the sustainability of local news.” The study revealed some important underlying concerns about AI and its impact on journalism. According to the research firm On Message Inc: 76% are concerned about AI stealing or reproducing journalism and local news stories, with 51% being very concerned. 77% support, and 59% strongly support, Congress passing a law that would make it illegal for AI to steal or reproduce journalism and local news stories that are published online without permission or compensation. Only 26% trust information produced by AI, while 68% say it is not trustworthy. 72% believe the federal government should place guardrails on AI to protect consumers. The study highlights the concern regarding Big Tech companies that continue to scrape content from local stations. If allowed to continue, the practice will erode trust in local news. Legislative action is necessary. You can see the NAB’s story on this important study here .

Last week, we ushered in our Hall of Fame Class of 2025 and this year's Broadcaster of the Year before a packed audience at the iconic Rainbow Room in Rockefeller Center. It was an honor to showcase the best of our profession at one of the most stunning venues in New York City. The luncheon contained opening remarks from Katelin Tinley, Chair of the NYSBA Board of Directors and VP/CM Cox Media Group Long Island, and the afternoon was emceed by Ed Levine, CEO of Galaxy Media. We were proud to honor John Catsimatidis as our Broadcaster of the Year. John is the CEO of Red Apple Media, and he entered the media business with the purchase of 77 WABC in March 2020. Since then, he defied convention and introduced music radio weekends on a talk station. This year’s class was comprised of the following talent:  Kaity Tong – Journalist, Anchor – WPIX-TV, New York City Norm Silverstein  – President, CEO - WXXI Public Media, Rochester (retired) Bill Evans  – Owner, Program Director & Meteorologist - WLNG 92.1 FM, Sag Harbor Gary Sapiane  – General Manager, Morning Show Host - WLNG 92.1 FM, Sag Harbor Matt Mulcahy  - Journalist, Anchor & Managing Editor - NBC 3 News, Syracuse Bob Kovachick  - Meteorologist - WNYT -TV, Albany (retired) Thank you to everyone who attended and helped to make it such a special afternoon. Stay tuned for more pictures as well as the acceptance speeches for each honoree. Click here to read more about this year's incredible inductees.

AI isn’t just a buzzword—it’s reshaping the way we work, sell, and connect. Back by popular demand after his impactful Rising Above session in January, Jamie Aplin joins Speed Marriott and Derron Steenbergen for a candid and practical conversation about what AI means for your business right now. Join us on October 30th at 3PM for a a live stream that will dive deeper into the opportunities and pitfalls of AI, helping you cut through the hype and focus on what truly drives results. From smarter customer engagement to streamlining workflows, you’ll walk away with fresh strategies to harness AI without losing the human touch that makes relationships matter. Whether you’re curious, cautious, or already experimenting with AI, this session will give you the clarity and direction you need to move forward with confidence. This webinar is free for NYSBA members in good standing. Click here to register.

The retail auto industry is accelerating toward record-breaking sales, and broadcasters are perfectly positioned to ride the wave! With fresh, enhanced data, there is clear momentum heading into 2026 as dealer ad budgets for broadcast are expanding fast.   In this fast-paced session, you’ll discover innovative strategies to tap into this growth, decode what the latest data means for your market, and learn how to position your station as the go-to partner for auto dealers ready to invest.    Whether you're looking to boost revenue, strengthen dealer relationships, or sharpen your selling approach, this webinar delivers actionable insights you can use immediately.   The webinar will feature LBS Auto Expert, John Tkac.  John is a renowned auto authority and will equip you with the tools you need to engage in high-level conversations with your dealers. These conversations translate into increased revenue for you. John brings a wealth of experience to the table, having managed one of the largest car dealer operations in America. He is a trusted consultant and advisor to LOCAL auto dealers, keeping him up to date on the industry and making him the perfect guide for your journey to success!   The webinar is offered free of charge to NYSBA members in good standing.  You can register in advance here .

As legislation moves through Congress to require auto manufacturers to include AM radios in their vehicles, Tesla appears to have expanded to the battle to FM.  According to news reports, Tesla’s 2026 entry-level Model Y Standard and Model 3 Standard trims will not come with either AM or FM radio. According to an article in Motor Trend:   “Tesla has also simplified the entertainment system (in its Model Y) by reducing it to a seven-speaker system (over the 15 speakers plus subwoofer on the Premium) and it doesn’t list the inclusion of an FM radio connection.... Its (Model 3 Standard) audio system has the same seven-speaker offering on the Premium RWD, but the Standard RWD does not list its FM/AM radio connection.” In an article in Radio Ink, NAB’s Michelle Lehman stated: “Automakers like Tesla put profits above public safety when they remove local radio,” wrote NAB Chief of Staff and Executive Vice President of Public Affairs Michelle Lehman.  “Vehicles remain one of the primary places Americans listen to radio each day, and during emergencies, over-the-air radio saves lives.  Streaming over cellular data or internet is vulnerable to network outages and can require subscription fees.” There is no question that this move will serve as a harbinger of plans by automakers.  Tesla’s move makes it all the more important that the AM Radio For Every Vehicle Act passes Congress.  As we go to press, there are approximately 311 co-sponsors in the House (H.R. 979) and 61 in the Senate (S.315). You can see the article in Motor Trend here . A discussion of the issue can be seen in Inside Radio   here . You can see a discussion in Radio Ink   here .

In a wide-ranging discussion on several programs, FCC Chairman Brendan Carr continued to state his view that broadcast stations must operate in the “public interest.” In an interview on the Media Research Center’s News Busters podcast, the Chairman was critical of news coverage on legacy media: “The legacy mainstream media missed some of the most important stories of the last five or ten years.  Hunter Biden laptop story, gone.  Covid origins, total miss.  Whips at the border – remember that story?  There were all these stories about emergency rooms in the Midwest being shut down from Ivermectin overdoses.  It ended up being complete hoaxes, not true.  Covington Catholic [Nicholas Sandmann], you go down the line.  Jussie Smollett.  Major, major important stories.  The reason why this news media should exist, and they’re 180 [degrees] wrong on it.  So, I think it’s a massive indictment on themselves.” The Chairman noted that broadcasters obtain federal spectrum for free in return for broadcasting in the public interest.  There is no question that Chairman Carr wants to reinvigorate the public interest standard as applied to local stations. In this regard, he mentioned on the Hugh Hewitt show that he would like to see more locally originated news.  He also discussed shifting power away from national content suppliers to local stations. Crafting regulations that define the “public interest” is difficult. It appears the Chairman does not want to go back to the regulatory approach taken in the Fairness Doctrine. The Chairman suggested that the FCC could auction off broadcasters’ spectrum allowing those who do not want to comply with public interest obligations to buy it. Such an approach would be a complete shift in communications policy.  You can see the Chairman's discussion in the Media Research Center’s News Busters podcast here .  You can see the Chairman’s interview on the Hugh Hewitt Show here .

JANY (the Journalists Association of New York) is holding a day-long conference for students and professional journalists on Saturday, Nov. 8, at the Newhouse School of Public Communications at Syracuse University. Th Conference will be followed by an awards banquet on Saturday evening.  The deadline for registering for the banquet is October 30, and the deadline for conference registration is November 7. You can obtain  more information and registration details here .

Being a member of the New York State Broadcasters Association means having access to a variety of exciting, cutting edge services. We offer sales training and engineering courses to members in good standing to help you maximize your potential and compete in an industry that’s as competitive as ever. Another valuable member benefit is the Alternative Broadcast Inspection Program , which is an official inspection program authorized by the FCC that is designed to get stations prepared in the event the FCC decides to make a technical inspection of the station. Also, our annual statewide Excellence in Broadcasting competition is a great source of excitement among stations, and members in good standing get discounted rates when submitting entries. Click here  to learn more about our countless member benefits. Contact telmendorf@nysbroadcasters.org if you wish to register for training or if you have any questions.

While the FCC remains closed, it has published proposed decisions for its October 28 th meeting.  One of those proposals is a proceeding looking at implementing the new ATSC 3.0 standard for television.  This proposed standard would replace the current ATSC standard used by local television stations.    It is worth noting that in most major markets, local stations have coordinated to provide one channel of ATSC 3.0 Service.  The following New York State television markets have at least one station broadcasting ATSC 3.0:   Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY Buffalo, NY New York, NY Rochester, NY Syracuse, NY   Nonetheless, the deployment of ATSC 3.0 has been slower than expected.  One of the main issues has been that the new Next Gen ATSC 3.0 transmission system cannot be received on exiting TV sets with an ATSC 1.0 tuner.   The FCC decision to move forward with a transition plan is a step in the right direction.  According to the Commission:   “The Fifth Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking would take steps to support and accelerate the nation’s ongoing voluntary, market-based broadcast television transition to Next Gen TV.  We propose to remove regulatory obstacles and give additional flexibility to broadcasters.  In addition, we seek comments on how to minimize the costs and impact of this transition on all stakeholders, including consumers, manufacturers, MVPDs, and smaller broadcasters.   What the Fifth Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking Would Do:   Tentatively conclude that television stations should be allowed to choose when to stop broadcasting in 1.0 and start broadcasting exclusively in 3.0. Tentatively conclude that television stations should be allowed to broadcast in both 1.0 and 3.0 (or “simulcast”) as many are doing today, but with fewer restrictions and requirements on the 1.0 version of their signal. Seek comment on certain issues and proposals closely related to these tentative conclusions, including: the use of encryption or digital rights management (DRM) on broadcast signals; a requirement that new televisions be able to receive and display 3.0 signals; and a requirement that traditional pay TV providers carry 3.0 signals to their subscribers. Seek comment on other outstanding Next Gen TV issues, including: The sunset of 1.0 service; The status of certain technical standards in FCC rules; Options to offset consumer costs; 3.0 test markets; Accessibility; Emergency alerting; The fundamental use of broadcast spectrum; Privacy; Notice requirements; and The state of the market for essential 3.0 patents. Seek comment on any other matters related to the 3.0 transition"   Noticeably absent from the FCC’s NPRM is a proposal to mandate  the use of ATSC 3.0 by local stations.  Rather, the Notice proposes a voluntary transition allowing stations to broadcast ATSC 3.0 or the current ATSC 1.0 standard.  This will be a crucial issue that must be resolved by the FCC.  Absent a mandatory standard, it is not clear whether deployment will proceed expeditiously.  Of course, there are important policy issues.  Nonetheless, the new services that can be provided by ATSC 3.0 will be important for local stations to be able to compete with digital services.    You can see the FCC’s Fifth Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking here .   YOU can find more information about the status and benefits of Next Gen TV (ATSC 3.0) here .

Every conversation, every email, every follow-up — it all adds up to your customer experience.  From first impressions to long-term relationships, this 5-day challenge will help you see your business through your customers’ eyes and turn ordinary interactions into extraordinary loyalty.   Join the Ten-Minute Trainer on October 13–19 for the Customer Experience Challenge, a guided learning series designed for sales, service, and management professionals who want to elevate the way they serve and retain customers.   How It Works: Watch 2 short videos each day, and each video focuses on a specific part of the customer journey — from communication and empathy to follow-up and loyalty building.   Complete the end of week quiz, and earn your certificate of completion at the end of the week by finishing all activities.   This service is offered free of charge to NYSBA members in good standing.   You can get more information and register here .

Thank you to Rep. Nicole Malliotakis (R-NY-11 – Staten Island) for cosponsoring the Local Radio Freedom Act. For years, the recording industry has pushed for a new copyright law requiring local stations to pay performers for music that is broadcast on free, over-the-air radio stations.  Local broadcasters already copyright fees to song writers, and we pay both song writers and performers for digital performances.  It has been estimated that over-the-air radio broadcasts amount to $2.4 billion in promotional value to performers. Accordingly, local broadcasters have supported the Local Radio Freedom Act, which is a resolution opposing the imposition of performance fees on free, over the air radio broadcasters.  This year, the bipartisan legislation has 194 cosponsors in the US House of Representatives (H. Con. Res. 12) and 25 in the Senate (Sen. Con. Res. 8). Nine members of the NY delegation have cosponsored the legislation: Rep. Garbarino, Andrew R. [R-NY-2] Rep. Gillen, Laura [D-NY-4] Rep. Kennedy, Tim [D-NY-26] Rep. LaLota, Nick [R-NY-1] Rep. Lawler, Michael [R-NY-17] Rep. Malliotakis, Nicole [R-NY-11] Rep. Stefanik, Elise M. [R-NY-21] Rep. Suozzi, Thomas R. [D-NY-3] Rep. Tenney, Claudia [R-NY-24]   This strong support makes it unlikely that Congress will change the copyright to impose performance fees of local radio stations.  Nonetheless, as in past years, this issue deserves very close attention. NYSBA is working to increase the number of cosponsors. You can access the House version of the Local Radio Freedom Act here .  You can access the Senate Version of the Local Radio Freedom Act here . For more information on the Local Radio Freedom Act, go to the NAB’s website here .

It now looks like the Government shutdown may last at least another week. The FCC has issued a Public Notice regarding the availability of services during the government shut down.  Most operations were suspended starting October 1 st.   Normal operations, including online filing systems, are affected.  The following highlights some of the major broadcast issues: Online Public File  – It appears that the online Public File system is not accepting documents and may be offline due to the government shut down.  If you have a document to be uploaded, keep trying and document your efforts to do so.  This will become a significant issue when Quarterly Issues Programs lists become due on October 10 th .  If the shutdown continues, we suggest you attempt to file the Quarterly Issues Programs list and document that it could not be uploaded.  You should then keep a hard copy at the station for public inspection and then upload it once the FCC.    Political File – According to the FCC, the Political File must be available even when the FCC's Public File database is down .  We are in uncharted waters. Even though it is unlikely to be activated during the shutdown, you should keep trying to upload political file documents on a regular basis and document your efforts.  You should retain a hard copy and “electronically scan” the documents you would normally place in the political file.  You should make these documents available to the public and supply them to those (mostly opposing candidates) who request them.  Once the FCC reopens, you will need to upload the documents into the political file.  Note that on your broadcast renewal form, you will be asked if you filed all documents on time.  The answer will have to be “no,” but then explain the delay was due to the FCC shutting down the ability to upload documents on to the  political and public file.       Fees and Other Payments .  The FCC’s Fee Filer System will not be available while normal operations are suspended, and therefore no regulatory fee or application fee payments can be made through Fee Filer during such a period.  No deadline for payments of any type is being extended by this Public Notice, however, except to the extent a payment can only be paid through Fee Filer, in which case the applicable due date is extended in the same manner as the due dates for other regulatory filings herein. Otherwise, the FCC expects payments to be timely made through the use of US Bank as they normally would if normal operations had not been suspended.  Remember, regulatory fees were due before the shutdown occurred and the due date will not be extended.   Extension of Filing Deadlines : Filing deadlines that occur during the shutdown will be extended until the day after the shutdown ends.  (Deadlines that occur after the shutdown will not be extended.)   Enforcement Deadlines : Enforcement Bureau will not  be extended for enforcement proceedings or investigations that involve specific parties.   Online Services : Some online services such as the Disaster Information Reporting System (DIRS), Interference Complaints (PSIX-ESIX), and Commission Online Reporting System (CORES) will remain available.  The Electronic Comment Filing System SCFS will be available to the public but with no user support.   Some Systems Not Available : The Licensing and Management System (LMS), the Universal Licensing System (ULS) and several others will be unavailable during the shutdown.   Website : Content of the FCC website will be available but not updated.   STA’s:  Special Temporary Authorities (STA) expiring during the shutdown will be extended.   For any emergency issues affecting safety of life or protection of property, you should contact the FCC Operations Center at (202) 418-1122 or FCCOPS@fcc.gov .   If you specific questions, contact your communications attorney. You can access the FCC’s Public Notice here .

Get ready to dive deep into the art of meaningful sales communication! In this energizing session, we’ll explore how a steady diet of contact builds trust, how to frame the customer’s problem with clarity and empathy, and how to speak with purpose instead of pressure. Whether you're chasing whale-sized accounts or nurturing a bunch of minnows, this session will equip you with the mindset and methods to land results that make waves. Join us and let’s turn conversations into conversions! The webinar will feature Chris Fleming. Chris is popular with LBS members from the weekly LBS Sales Meetings service. He has over thirty years of experience in broadcast media sales and management. His methods and practices have yielded large-scale success in both big and small markets. Chris teaches success based on key areas of focus, the drivers of the sales business. Everything else is window dressing. Get your media sales training and advice from the front lines. As the world becomes increasingly complex, we must simplify our own processes. Success lies in the simplicity that leads to greater results. This webinar is offered free of charge to members in good standing of the New York State Broadcasters Association. You must register in advance.  You can register for the webinar here .

The anticipated government shutdown will affect the FCC.  While the FCC has not yet released its plans for the shutdown, we can expect most services to be shut down. Based on a prior internal agency plan drafted in 2023: Generally, during such a shutdown all FCC activities will cease other than those immediately necessary for the protection of life or property, performing other excepted activities or those funded through a source other than lapsed appropriations.  Suspended activities include, among many others: Consumer complaint and inquiry phone lines cannot be answered; consumer protection and local competition enforcement must cease; licensing services, including broadcast, wireless, and wireline, must cease; management of radio spectrum and the creation of new opportunities for competitive technologies and services for the American public must be suspended; and equipment authorizations, including those bringing new electronic devices to American consumers, cannot be provided. The shutdown will affect a number of FCC broadcast related activities, including filing issues quarterly programming lists, license transfers, EEO audits, etc. We will keep you informed as to the impact of the shutdown on all FCC activities. You can see FCC Chairman Carr’s comments regarding the shutdown on CSPAN here . You can access the FCC's Public Notice outlining the procedures during the 2025 shutdown here .

NYSBA will hold its annual Broadcast Leadership and Hall of Fame Luncheon on October 22, 2025.  The luncheon gala will be held in the Rainbow Room, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, NYC and will begin at 12 noon.  This year we will be honoring: John Catsimatidis , CEO of Red Apple Media , Broadcaster of the Year for 2025 Kaity Tong – Journalist, Anchor – WPIX-TV , New York City Norm Silverstein – President, CEO - WXXI Public Media, Rochester Bill Evans – Owner, Program Director & Meteorologist - WLNG 92.1 FM , Sag Harbor Gary Sapiane – General Manager, Morning Show Host - WLNG 92.1 FM , Sag Harbor Matt Mulcahy - Journalist, Anchor & Managing Editor - NBC 3 News in Syracuse. Bob Kovachick - Meteorologist - WNYT -TV , Albany (retired)   You can purchase tickets, obtain more information, and register for the luncheon here .

The NAB Show this year will be held in the Javits Center on October 22 and 23 rd . NYSBA members in good standing will be able to obtain a free day pass to the show.  It does not matter if you are a member of NAB.  If you are a NYSBA member, you can receive a free day pass. The comp code is only good through October 11, however. On October 12, it becomes a $30 off code. So we urge you to register quickly! When you register for the show, use the discount pass code : CODE: PP02  to get a free one-day pass.  Please let Trevor know if you are going to register and use the code by emailing him at:   telmendorf@nysbroadcasters.org You can register for the NAB show here .  You can find more information about the NAB NY show here .

The FCC has issued a guide for stations filing applications.  This applies to Media Bureau applications, including construction permits, facility changes, transfer of control, license renewals, etc.  The guide also includes a fee schedule for each application.  Fees were increased by the FCC earlier this year.  According to the Commission: “This Fee Filing Guide is considered a reference guide to identify and describe all of the application fee filing requirements for the Media Bureau.  It is meant to be a reference of the services and requests for actions for which the Media Bureau has responsibility and that are subject to an application fee.  The guide consists of two parts, Parts A and B. Part A of the guide provides instructions on how to submit an application fee and identifies other processing services available to the requester.  Always read Part A before attempting to complete any of the forms required with your submission.  Part B provides form numbers, fee amounts and payment codes for each application.” You can access the Media Bureaus Guide here .